The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the net early on.
However, Marseille fired two times late to seize a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the final moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.